There are four reforms that are so important, and in which I have such a high degree of confidence, that I’m going to call them foundational. They would provide a foundation for healthier childhood in the digital age. They are:

1. No smartphones before high school. Parents should delay children’s entry into round-the-clock internet access by giving only basic phones (phones with limited apps and no internet browser) before ninth grade (roughly age 14).
2. No social media before 16.Let kids get through the most vulnerable period of brain development before connecting them to a firehose of social comparison and algorithmically chosen influencers.
3. Phone-free schools. In all schools from elementary through high school, students should store their phones, smartwatches, and any other personal devices that can send or receive texts in phone lockers or locked pouches during the school day. That is the only way to free up their attention for each other and for their teachers.
4. Far more unsupervised play and childhood independence. That’s the way children naturally develop social skills, overcome anxiety, and become self-governing young adults.

Drei technologische und mediale Megatrends bestimmten die frühen 2010er-Jahre: Smartphones, Social-Media-Plattformen und die Selfie-Kultur. Das Ergebnis: Eine ganze Generation von Kindern und Jugendlichen verwendete mehrere Stunden am Tag darauf, durch die Beiträge von Influencer:innen und mehr oder weniger fremden Nutzer:innen zu scrollen, statt sich mit Menschen in ihrem unmittelbaren Umfeld auseinanderzusetzen, mit ihnen zu spielen, zu sprechen oder auch nur Blickkontakt aufzunehmen. Die Mitglieder der Generation Z, die als Erste ihre Pubertät mit den neuen Medien in der Tasche durchlebten, wurden so zu Testpersonen für das Aufwachsen in einer radikal umgestalteten, zunehmend digitalen Umgebung.
Die Folgen dieses Experiments waren, wie Jonathan Haidt auf Grundlage umfangreichen Datenmaterials zeigt, katastrophal – und sie betreffen auch die heute Heranwachsenden. Die schnellste und allumfassendste Neuverdrahtung menschlicher Beziehungen führte dazu, dass sich die mentale Gesundheit der Kinder und Jugendlichen rapide und dauerhaft verschlechtert hat. Dieser Entwicklung müssen wir jetzt entgegentreten: Haidt erklärt, was Regierungen, Schulen und Eltern tun können, um Kindern ein gesundes Aufwachsen zu ermöglichen.

After more than a decade of stability or improvement, the mental health of adolescents plunged in the early 2010s. Rates of depression, anxiety, self-harm, and suicide rose sharply, more than doubling on many measures. Why?
In The Anxious Generation, social psychologist Jonathan Haidt lays out the facts about the epidemic of teen mental illness that hit many countries at the same time. He then investigates the nature of childhood, including why children need play and independent exploration to mature into competent, thriving adults. Haidt shows how the “play-based childhood” began to decline in the 1980s, and how it was finally wiped out by the arrival of the “phone-based childhood” in the early 2010s. He presents more than a dozen mechanisms by which this “great rewiring of childhood” has interfered with children’s social and neurological development, covering everything from sleep deprivation to attention fragmentation, addiction, loneliness, social contagion, social comparison, and perfectionism. He explains why social media damages girls more than boys and why boys have been withdrawing from the real world into the virtual world, with disastrous consequences for themselves, their families, and their societies.
Most important, Haidt issues a clear call to action. He diagnoses the “collective action problems” that trap us, and then proposes four simple rules that might set us free. He describes steps that parents, teachers, schools, tech companies, and governments can take to end the epidemic of mental illness and restore a more humane childhood.
Haidt has spent his career speaking truth backed by data in the most difficult landscapes—communities polarized by politics and religion, campuses battling culture wars, and now the public health emergency faced by Gen Z. We cannot afford to ignore his findings about protecting our children—and ourselves—from the psychological damage of a phone-based life