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Re-use of programming patterns or problem solving?

representation of scratch programs by TGraphs to support static code analysis
Mike Talbot, Katharina Geldreich, Julia Sommer, Peter Hubwieser
Publikationsdatum:
Zu finden in: WiPSCE '20, 2020
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Katharina GeldreichPeter Hubwieser

Novice programmers seem to learn basic programming skills amazingly fast by using visual programming environments like Scratch or Snap. Yet at a second glance, in many cases, the students' programming projects make use of pre-learned solution patterns like collision detection. Aiming to investigate how far such pre-learned patterns are used and adapted, we have to analyze the program structure of a substantially large number of Scratch projects, e.g. from the Scratch repository, in a very detailed way. To automate the static code analysis of these projects, we developed a scheme to transform Scratch projects into a common graph format (TGraph), which was used up to now to analyze programs in Java and Haskell as well as UML diagrams and mathematical solutions. In a second step, this representation enabled us to apply a SQL-like query language for graphs (GReQL) to detect programming patterns in students' Scratch projects. This paper describes the design of our TGraph scheme for Scratch as well as how to query patterns in Scratch code using GReQL, in order to stimulate the use of this methodology by other researchers. As a feasibility study, we report its application on the outcomes of one of our Scratch courses attended by 143 children aged 8-12 years. The study showed that with the presented methodology any code structure can be detected in Scratch projects. To check the validity of the methodology, the programs were additionally checked manually for the occurrence of two patterns - the results were consistent.

Von Mike Talbot, Katharina Geldreich, Julia Sommer, Peter Hubwieser im Konferenz-Band WiPSCE '20 im Text Re-use of programming patterns or problem solving? (2020)
Katharina GeldreichPeter HubwieserIn this paper, we presented a feasibility study for a methodology to investigate the use of certain solution patterns in a large number of Scratch projects. The first results demonstrate that we were able to detect patterns like collision, directed motion, termination by collision or gliding motion, see Table 1. In addition, we could find out how far advanced programming concepts like nested conditions or nested repetition were used, see Table 2. As part of our feasibility study, we also compared the results of our methodology with those of a manual analysis of the Scratch projects. Since the results were completely consistent, they show the validity of the method. Our method – conducting GReQL queries on TGraph representations of Scratch programs – offers versatile search options for code structures. Not only one-to-one representations but also adapted or extended patterns can be found by a wildcard search. It must be noted though that GReQL is a very powerful SQL-like query language that requires training and can be quite tricky in detail. Compared to other tools that offer static code analysis of Scratch code, the advantage is that any kind of code structure can be queried without having to modify an existing program, as for example in the plugin system of Hairball [6]. Even though our number of projects (n=295) could have been analyzed manually with great effort, the method opens up the possibility to examine larger quantities of projects, such as the Scratch repository or results of MOOCs. In summary, the presented method for querying Scratch block structures on TGraphs offers broad support in the search for any solution patterns. Therefore, it can help to answer the question of how students implement and adapt pre-learned solution patterns. However, further analysis of the existing data is needed, using a mixed-method approach where parts of the projects are qualitatively analyzed manually.
Von Mike Talbot, Katharina Geldreich, Julia Sommer, Peter Hubwieser im Konferenz-Band WiPSCE 2020 im Text Re-use of programming patterns or problem solving? (2020)

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Personen
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Michal Armoni, Tim Bell, Mordechai Ben-Ari, Marie A. Bienkowski, Bryce Boe, Karen Brennan, Phillip Conrad, Greg Dreschler, Caitlin Duncan, Evelyn Eastmond, Brendan Foreman, Diana Franklin, Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Charlotte Hill, Ralph Johnson, Yasmin B. Kafai, Maria Kallia, Michelle Len, John Maloney, Steven McGee, Orni Meerbaum-Salant, Amon Millner, Andrés Monroy-Hernández, Jesús Moreno-León, Mitchel Resnick, Gregorio Robles, Eric Rosenbaum, Natalie Rusk, Daisy Rutstein, Linda M. Seiter, Cynthia C. Selby, Sue Sentance, Jay Silver, Brian Silverman, John Vlissides, David Weintrop, Uri Wilensky, Jeannette M. Wing

Begriffe
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code smells, Dr. Scratch, Java, Kinderchildren, Problemlösefähigkeitproblem solving skills, Programmierenprogramming, Programmiersprachenprogramming languages, Scratch, Snap! (Programmiersprache)
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Bücher
Jahr  Umschlag Titel Abrufe IBOBKBLB
1995  local  Design Patterns (Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides) 8, 1, 10, 6, 11, 2, 4, 5, 1, 4, 1, 5451354375
2013 Computer Science Education 3/20138, 3, 11, 2, 11, 1, 2, 8, 2, 3, 3, 225502517
2013 ICER 2013 (Beth Simon, Alison Clear, Quintin I. Cutts) 1, 8, 3, 9, 4, 11, 1, 3, 7, 4, 1, 5491285510
2013 SIGCSE 2013 (Tracy Camp, Paul T. Tymann, J. D. Dougherty, Kris Nagel) 3, 7, 5, 9, 8, 6, 1, 3, 6, 1, 1, 7366117451
2015 Proceedings of the Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education, WiPSCE 2015, London, United Kingdom, November 9-11, 2015 (Judith Gal-Ezer, Sue Sentance, Jan Vahrenhold) 8, 3, 8, 5, 8, 4, 2, 4, 1, 2, 1, 6532696544
2015 ICER 2015 (Brian Dorn, Judy Sheard, Quintin I. Cutts) 3, 3, 3, 8, 9, 8, 3, 12, 3, 3, 2, 4522324566
2018  local  Computer Science Education (Sue Sentance, Erik Barendsen, Carsten Schulte) 9, 19, 10, 3, 10, 5, 5, 7, 3, 3, 6, 720867624
2021 local  Computational Thinking in Education (Aman Yadav, Ulf Dalvad Berthelsen) 4, 2, 8, 9, 8, 2, 12, 1, 4, 10, 2, 7111337240
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Texte
Jahr  Umschlag Titel Abrufe IBOBKBLB
2006 local web  Computational Thinking (Jeannette M. Wing) 12, 10, 18, 5, 18, 7, 6, 18, 1, 5, 3, 81842181182
2009 local web  Scratch: Programming for All (Mitchel Resnick, John Maloney, Andrés Monroy-Hernández, Natalie Rusk, Evelyn Eastmond, Karen Brennan, Amon Millner, Eric Rosenbaum, Jay Silver, Brian Silverman, Yasmin B. Kafai) 8, 10, 14, 5, 12, 1, 1, 5, 1, 1, 3, 585285958
2013 local web  Learning computer science concepts with Scratch (Orni Meerbaum-Salant, Michal Armoni, Mordechai Ben-Ari) 8, 11, 12, 3, 12, 1, 3, 10, 1, 5, 1, 523355541
2013 local web  Modeling the learning progressions of computational thinking of primary grade students (Linda M. Seiter, Brendan Foreman) 6, 2, 9, 4, 12, 1, 3, 9, 4, 1, 1, 51775278
2013 local web  Hairball (Bryce Boe, Charlotte Hill, Michelle Len, Greg Dreschler, Phillip Conrad, Diana Franklin) 6400
2015 local web  Using Commutative Assessments to Compare Conceptual Understanding in Blocks-based and Text-based Programs (David Weintrop, Uri Wilensky) 6, 7, 8, 3, 14, 1, 6, 9, 3, 1, 3, 415254387
2015 local web  Dr. Scratch (Jesús Moreno-León, Gregorio Robles) 1, 6, 3, 13, 1, 12, 2, 6, 11, 1, 4, 213112318
2018 Teaching Computing in Primary Schools (Tim Bell, Caitlin Duncan) 5600
2018 local  Assessment of Computer Science (Sue Sentance, Cynthia C. Selby, Maria Kallia) 3, 4, 9, 4, 5, 3, 3, 6, 1, 3, 1, 3373160
2021 Assessment of Computational Thinking (David Weintrop, Daisy Rutstein, Marie A. Bienkowski, Steven McGee) 6, 2, 4, 4, 2, 1, 1, 9, 1, 3, 3, 418497

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iconErwähnungen  Dies ist eine nach Erscheinungsjahr geordnete Liste aller im Biblionetz vorhandenen Werke, die das ausgewählte Thema behandeln.

  • WiPSCE '21 - The 16th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education, Virtual Event / Erlangen, Germany, October 18-20, 2021 (Marc Berges, Andraes Mühling, Michal Armoni) (2021)
  • WIPSCE '23 - The 18th WiPSCE Conference on Primary and Secondary Computing Education Research (Sue Sentance, Mareen Grillenberger) (2023)
    • Impact of Hint Content on Performance and Learning - A Study with Primary School Children in a Scratch Course (Luisa Greifenstein, Markus Brune, Tobias Fuchs, Ute Heuer, Gordon Fraser 0001) (2023) local web icon

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